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/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*-
* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80:
*
* Copyright 2021 Mozilla Foundation
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "wasm/WasmMemory.h"
#include "mozilla/MathAlgorithms.h"
#include "js/Conversions.h"
#include "js/ErrorReport.h"
#include "vm/ArrayBufferObject.h"
#include "wasm/WasmCodegenTypes.h"
#include "wasm/WasmProcess.h"
using mozilla::IsPowerOfTwo;
using namespace js;
using namespace js::wasm;
const char* wasm::ToString(IndexType indexType) {
switch (indexType) {
case IndexType::I32:
return "i32";
case IndexType::I64:
return "i64";
default:
MOZ_CRASH();
}
}
bool wasm::ToIndexType(JSContext* cx, HandleValue value, IndexType* indexType) {
RootedString typeStr(cx, ToString(cx, value));
if (!typeStr) {
return false;
}
Rooted<JSLinearString*> typeLinearStr(cx, typeStr->ensureLinear(cx));
if (!typeLinearStr) {
return false;
}
if (StringEqualsLiteral(typeLinearStr, "i32")) {
*indexType = IndexType::I32;
} else if (StringEqualsLiteral(typeLinearStr, "i64")) {
*indexType = IndexType::I64;
} else {
JS_ReportErrorNumberUTF8(cx, GetErrorMessage, nullptr,
JSMSG_WASM_BAD_STRING_IDX_TYPE);
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*
* [SMDOC] Linear memory addresses and bounds checking
*
* (Also see "WASM Linear Memory structure" in vm/ArrayBufferObject.cpp)
*
*
* Memory addresses, bounds check avoidance, and the huge memory trick.
*
* A memory address in an access instruction has three components, the "memory
* base", the "pointer", and the "offset". The "memory base" - the HeapReg on
* most platforms and a value loaded from the instance on x86 - is a native
* pointer that points to the start of the linear memory array; we'll ignore the
* memory base in the following. The "pointer" is the i32 or i64 index supplied
* by the program as a separate value argument to the access instruction; it is
* usually variable but can be constant. The "offset" is a constant encoded in
* the access instruction.
*
* The "effective address" (EA) is the non-overflowed sum of the pointer and the
* offset (if the sum overflows the program traps); the pointer, offset, and EA
* all have the same type, i32 or i64.
*
* An access has an "access size", which is the number of bytes that are
* accessed - currently up to 16 (for V128). The highest-addressed byte to be
* accessed by an access is thus the byte at (pointer+offset+access_size-1),
* where offset+access_size-1 is compile-time evaluable.
*
* Bounds checking ensures that the entire access is in bounds, ie, that the
* highest-addressed byte is at an offset in the linear memory below that of the
* memory's current byteLength.
*
* To avoid performing an addition with overflow check and a compare-and-branch
* bounds check for every memory access, we use some tricks:
*
* - An access-protected guard region of size R at the end of each memory is
* used to trap accesses to out-of-bounds offsets in the range
* 0..R-access_size. Thus the offset and the access size need not be added
* into the pointer before the bounds check, saving the add and overflow
* check. The offset is added into the pointer without an overflow check
* either directly before the access or in the access instruction itself
* (depending on the ISA). The pointer must still be explicitly
* bounds-checked.
*
* - On 64-bit systems where we determine there is plenty of virtual memory
* space (and ideally we determine that the VM system uses overcommit), a
* 32-bit memory is implemented as a 4GB + R reservation, where the memory
* from the current heap length through the end of the reservation is
* access-protected. The protected area R allows offsets up to R-access_size
* to be encoded in the access instruction. The pointer need not be bounds
* checked explicitly, since it has only a 4GB range and thus points into the
* 4GB part of the reservation. The offset can be added into the pointer
* (using 64-bit arithmetic) either directly before the access or in the
* access instruction.
*
* The value of R differs in the two situations; in the first case it tends to
* be small, currently 64KB; in the second case it is large, currently 2GB+64KB.
* The difference is due to explicit bounds checking tending to be used on
* 32-bit systems where memory and address space are scarce, while the implicit
* bounds check is used only on 64-bit systems after ensuring that sufficient
* address space is available in the process. (2GB is really overkill, and
* there's nothing magic about it; we could use something much smaller.)
*
* The implicit bounds checking strategy with the large reservation is known
* below and elsewhere as the "huge memory trick" or just "huge memory".
*
* All memories in a process use the same strategy, selected at process startup.
* The immediate reason for that is that the machine code embeds the strategy
* it's been compiled with, and may later be exposed to memories originating
* from different modules or directly from JS. If the memories did not all use
* the same strategy, and the same strategy as the code, linking would fail or
* we would have to recompile the code.
*
*
* The boundsCheckLimit.
*
* The bounds check limit that is stored in the instance is always valid and is
* always a 64-bit datum, and it is always correct to load it and use it as a
* 64-bit value. However, in situations when the 32 upper bits are known to be
* zero, it is also correct to load just the low 32 bits from the address of the
* limit (which is always little-endian when a JIT is enabled), and use that
* value as the limit.
*
* On x86 and arm32 (and on any other 32-bit platform, should there ever be
* one), there is explicit bounds checking and the heap, whether memory32 or
* memory64, is limited to 2GB; the bounds check limit can be treated as a
* 32-bit quantity.
*
* On all 64-bit platforms, we may use explicit bounds checking or the huge
* memory trick for memory32, but must always use explicit bounds checking for
* memory64. If the heap does not have a known maximum size or the known
* maximum is greater than or equal to 4GB, then the bounds check limit must be
* treated as a 64-bit quantity; otherwise it can be treated as a 32-bit
* quantity.
*
* On x64 and arm64 with Baseline and Ion, we allow 32-bit memories up to 4GB,
* and 64-bit memories can be larger.
*
* On mips64, memories are limited to 2GB, for now.
*
* Asm.js memories are limited to 2GB even on 64-bit platforms, and we can
* always assume a 32-bit bounds check limit for asm.js.
*
*
* Constant pointers.
*
* If the pointer is constant then the EA can be computed at compile time, and
* if the EA is below the initial memory size then the bounds check can be
* elided.
*
*
* Alignment checks.
*
* On all platforms, some accesses (currently atomics) require an alignment
* check: the EA must be naturally aligned for the datum being accessed.
* However, we do not need to compute the EA properly, we care only about the
* low bits - a cheap, overflowing add is fine, and if the offset is known
* to be aligned, only the pointer need be checked.
*/
// Bounds checks always compare the base of the memory access with the bounds
// check limit. If the memory access is unaligned, this means that, even if the
// bounds check succeeds, a few bytes of the access can extend past the end of
// memory. To guard against this, extra space is included in the guard region to
// catch the overflow. MaxMemoryAccessSize is a conservative approximation of
// the maximum guard space needed to catch all unaligned overflows.
//
// Also see "Linear memory addresses and bounds checking" above.
static const unsigned MaxMemoryAccessSize = LitVal::sizeofLargestValue();
// All plausible targets must be able to do at least IEEE754 double
// loads/stores, hence the lower limit of 8. Some Intel processors support
// AVX-512 loads/stores, hence the upper limit of 64.
static_assert(MaxMemoryAccessSize >= 8, "MaxMemoryAccessSize too low");
static_assert(MaxMemoryAccessSize <= 64, "MaxMemoryAccessSize too high");
static_assert((MaxMemoryAccessSize & (MaxMemoryAccessSize - 1)) == 0,
"MaxMemoryAccessSize is not a power of two");
#ifdef WASM_SUPPORTS_HUGE_MEMORY
static_assert(MaxMemoryAccessSize <= HugeUnalignedGuardPage,
"rounded up to static page size");
static_assert(HugeOffsetGuardLimit < UINT32_MAX,
"checking for overflow against OffsetGuardLimit is enough.");
// We have only tested huge memory on x64, arm64 and riscv64.
# if !(defined(JS_CODEGEN_X64) || defined(JS_CODEGEN_ARM64) || \
defined(JS_CODEGEN_RISCV64))
# error "Not an expected configuration"
# endif
#endif
// On !WASM_SUPPORTS_HUGE_MEMORY platforms:
// - To avoid OOM in ArrayBuffer::prepareForAsmJS, asm.js continues to use the
// original ArrayBuffer allocation which has no guard region at all.
// - For WebAssembly memories, an additional GuardSize is mapped after the
// accessible region of the memory to catch folded (base+offset) accesses
// where `offset < OffsetGuardLimit` as well as the overflow from unaligned
// accesses, as described above for MaxMemoryAccessSize.
static const size_t OffsetGuardLimit = PageSize - MaxMemoryAccessSize;
static_assert(MaxMemoryAccessSize < GuardSize,
"Guard page handles partial out-of-bounds");
static_assert(OffsetGuardLimit < UINT32_MAX,
"checking for overflow against OffsetGuardLimit is enough.");
size_t wasm::GetMaxOffsetGuardLimit(bool hugeMemory) {
#ifdef WASM_SUPPORTS_HUGE_MEMORY
return hugeMemory ? HugeOffsetGuardLimit : OffsetGuardLimit;
#else
return OffsetGuardLimit;
#endif
}
// Assert that our minimum offset guard limit covers our inline
// memory.copy/fill optimizations.
static const size_t MinOffsetGuardLimit = OffsetGuardLimit;
static_assert(MaxInlineMemoryCopyLength < MinOffsetGuardLimit, "precondition");
static_assert(MaxInlineMemoryFillLength < MinOffsetGuardLimit, "precondition");
#ifdef JS_64BIT
wasm::Pages wasm::MaxMemoryPages(IndexType t) {
MOZ_ASSERT_IF(t == IndexType::I64, !IsHugeMemoryEnabled(t));
size_t desired = MaxMemoryLimitField(t);
constexpr size_t actual = ArrayBufferObject::ByteLengthLimit / PageSize;
return wasm::Pages(std::min(desired, actual));
}
size_t wasm::MaxMemoryBoundsCheckLimit(IndexType t) {
return MaxMemoryPages(t).byteLength();
}
#else
// On 32-bit systems, the heap limit must be representable in the nonnegative
// range of an int32_t, which means the maximum heap size as observed by wasm
// code is one wasm page less than 2GB.
wasm::Pages wasm::MaxMemoryPages(IndexType t) {
static_assert(ArrayBufferObject::ByteLengthLimit >= INT32_MAX / PageSize);
return wasm::Pages(INT32_MAX / PageSize);
}
// The max bounds check limit can be larger than the MaxMemoryPages because it
// is really MaxMemoryPages rounded up to the next valid bounds check immediate,
// see ComputeMappedSize().
size_t wasm::MaxMemoryBoundsCheckLimit(IndexType t) {
size_t boundsCheckLimit = size_t(INT32_MAX) + 1;
MOZ_ASSERT(IsValidBoundsCheckImmediate(boundsCheckLimit));
return boundsCheckLimit;
}
#endif
// Because ARM has a fixed-width instruction encoding, ARM can only express a
// limited subset of immediates (in a single instruction).
static const uint64_t HighestValidARMImmediate = 0xff000000;
// Heap length on ARM should fit in an ARM immediate. We approximate the set
// of valid ARM immediates with the predicate:
// 2^n for n in [16, 24)
// or
// 2^24 * n for n >= 1.
bool wasm::IsValidARMImmediate(uint32_t i) {
bool valid = (IsPowerOfTwo(i) || (i & 0x00ffffff) == 0);
MOZ_ASSERT_IF(valid, i % PageSize == 0);
return valid;
}
uint64_t wasm::RoundUpToNextValidARMImmediate(uint64_t i) {
MOZ_ASSERT(i <= HighestValidARMImmediate);
static_assert(HighestValidARMImmediate == 0xff000000,
"algorithm relies on specific constant");
if (i <= 16 * 1024 * 1024) {
i = i ? mozilla::RoundUpPow2(i) : 0;
} else {
i = (i + 0x00ffffff) & ~0x00ffffff;
}
MOZ_ASSERT(IsValidARMImmediate(i));
return i;
}
Pages wasm::ClampedMaxPages(IndexType t, Pages initialPages,
const Maybe<Pages>& sourceMaxPages,
bool useHugeMemory) {
Pages clampedMaxPages;
if (sourceMaxPages.isSome()) {
// There is a specified maximum, clamp it to the implementation limit of
// maximum pages
clampedMaxPages = std::min(*sourceMaxPages, wasm::MaxMemoryPages(t));
#ifndef JS_64BIT
static_assert(sizeof(uintptr_t) == 4, "assuming not 64 bit implies 32 bit");
// On 32-bit platforms, prevent applications specifying a large max (like
// MaxMemoryPages()) from unintentially OOMing the browser: they just want
// "a lot of memory". Maintain the invariant that initialPages <=
// clampedMaxPages.
static const uint64_t OneGib = 1 << 30;
static const Pages OneGibPages = Pages(OneGib >> wasm::PageBits);
static_assert(HighestValidARMImmediate > OneGib,
"computing mapped size on ARM requires clamped max size");
Pages clampedPages = std::max(OneGibPages, initialPages);
clampedMaxPages = std::min(clampedPages, clampedMaxPages);
#endif
} else {
// There is not a specified maximum, fill it in with the implementation
// limit of maximum pages
clampedMaxPages = wasm::MaxMemoryPages(t);
}
// Double-check our invariants
MOZ_RELEASE_ASSERT(sourceMaxPages.isNothing() ||
clampedMaxPages <= *sourceMaxPages);
MOZ_RELEASE_ASSERT(clampedMaxPages <= wasm::MaxMemoryPages(t));
MOZ_RELEASE_ASSERT(initialPages <= clampedMaxPages);
return clampedMaxPages;
}
size_t wasm::ComputeMappedSize(wasm::Pages clampedMaxPages) {
// Caller is responsible to ensure that clampedMaxPages has been clamped to
// implementation limits.
size_t maxSize = clampedMaxPages.byteLength();
// It is the bounds-check limit, not the mapped size, that gets baked into
// code. Thus round up the maxSize to the next valid immediate value
// *before* adding in the guard page.
//
// Also see "Wasm Linear Memory Structure" in vm/ArrayBufferObject.cpp.
uint64_t boundsCheckLimit = RoundUpToNextValidBoundsCheckImmediate(maxSize);
MOZ_ASSERT(IsValidBoundsCheckImmediate(boundsCheckLimit));
MOZ_ASSERT(boundsCheckLimit % gc::SystemPageSize() == 0);
MOZ_ASSERT(GuardSize % gc::SystemPageSize() == 0);
return boundsCheckLimit + GuardSize;
}
bool wasm::IsValidBoundsCheckImmediate(uint32_t i) {
#ifdef JS_CODEGEN_ARM
return IsValidARMImmediate(i);
#else
return true;
#endif
}
uint64_t wasm::RoundUpToNextValidBoundsCheckImmediate(uint64_t i) {
#ifdef JS_CODEGEN_ARM
return RoundUpToNextValidARMImmediate(i);
#else
return i;
#endif
}