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//! For detailed description of the ptrace requests, consult `man ptrace`.
use crate::errno::Errno;
use crate::sys::signal::Signal;
use crate::unistd::Pid;
use crate::Result;
use cfg_if::cfg_if;
use libc::{self, c_long, c_void, siginfo_t};
use std::{mem, ptr};
pub type AddressType = *mut ::libc::c_void;
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
any(
all(
target_arch = "x86_64",
any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "musl")
),
all(target_arch = "x86", target_env = "gnu"),
all(target_arch = "aarch64", target_env = "gnu"),
all(target_arch = "riscv64", target_env = "gnu"),
),
))]
use libc::user_regs_struct;
cfg_if! {
if #[cfg(any(all(target_os = "linux", target_arch = "s390x"),
all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu"),
target_env = "uclibc"))] {
#[doc(hidden)]
pub type RequestType = ::libc::c_uint;
} else {
#[doc(hidden)]
pub type RequestType = ::libc::c_int;
}
}
libc_enum! {
#[cfg_attr(not(any(target_env = "musl", target_env = "uclibc", target_os = "android")), repr(u32))]
#[cfg_attr(any(target_env = "musl", target_env = "uclibc", target_os = "android"), repr(i32))]
/// Ptrace Request enum defining the action to be taken.
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Request {
PTRACE_TRACEME,
PTRACE_PEEKTEXT,
PTRACE_PEEKDATA,
PTRACE_PEEKUSER,
PTRACE_POKETEXT,
PTRACE_POKEDATA,
PTRACE_POKEUSER,
PTRACE_CONT,
PTRACE_KILL,
PTRACE_SINGLESTEP,
#[cfg(any(all(target_os = "android", target_pointer_width = "32"),
all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_pointer_width = "32"))))]
PTRACE_GETREGS,
#[cfg(any(all(target_os = "android", target_pointer_width = "32"),
all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_pointer_width = "32"))))]
PTRACE_SETREGS,
#[cfg(any(all(target_os = "android", target_pointer_width = "32"),
all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_pointer_width = "32"))))]
PTRACE_GETFPREGS,
#[cfg(any(all(target_os = "android", target_pointer_width = "32"),
all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_pointer_width = "32"))))]
PTRACE_SETFPREGS,
PTRACE_ATTACH,
PTRACE_DETACH,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "x86_64")))]
PTRACE_GETFPXREGS,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", any(target_env = "musl",
target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "x86_64")))]
PTRACE_SETFPXREGS,
PTRACE_SYSCALL,
PTRACE_SETOPTIONS,
PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG,
PTRACE_GETSIGINFO,
PTRACE_SETSIGINFO,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", not(any(target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6"))))]
PTRACE_GETREGSET,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", not(any(target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6"))))]
PTRACE_SETREGSET,
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
PTRACE_SEIZE,
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
PTRACE_INTERRUPT,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", not(any(target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6"))))]
PTRACE_LISTEN,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", not(any(target_arch = "mips",
target_arch = "mips32r6",
target_arch = "mips64",
target_arch = "mips64r6"))))]
PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64")))]
PTRACE_SYSEMU,
#[cfg(all(target_os = "linux", target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64")))]
PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP,
}
}
libc_enum! {
#[repr(i32)]
/// Using the ptrace options the tracer can configure the tracee to stop
/// at certain events. This enum is used to define those events as defined
/// in `man ptrace`.
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Event {
/// Event that stops before a return from fork or clone.
PTRACE_EVENT_FORK,
/// Event that stops before a return from vfork or clone.
PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK,
/// Event that stops before a return from clone.
PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE,
/// Event that stops before a return from execve.
PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC,
/// Event for a return from vfork.
PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE,
/// Event for a stop before an exit. Unlike the waitpid Exit status program.
/// registers can still be examined
PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT,
/// Stop triggered by a seccomp rule on a tracee.
PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP,
/// Stop triggered by the `INTERRUPT` syscall, or a group stop,
/// or when a new child is attached.
PTRACE_EVENT_STOP,
}
}
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "aarch64",
target_arch = "riscv64",
)
))]
libc_enum! {
#[repr(i32)]
/// Defines a specific register set, as used in `PTRACE_GETREGSET` and `PTRACE_SETREGSET`.
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum RegisterSetValue {
NT_PRSTATUS,
NT_PRFPREG,
NT_PRPSINFO,
NT_TASKSTRUCT,
NT_AUXV,
}
}
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "aarch64",
target_arch = "riscv64",
)
))]
/// Represents register set areas, such as general-purpose registers or
/// floating-point registers.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// This trait is marked unsafe, since implementation of the trait must match
/// ptrace's request `VALUE` and return data type `Regs`.
pub unsafe trait RegisterSet {
/// Corresponding type of registers in the kernel.
const VALUE: RegisterSetValue;
/// Struct representing the register space.
type Regs;
}
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "aarch64",
target_arch = "riscv64",
)
))]
/// Register sets used in [`getregset`] and [`setregset`]
pub mod regset {
use super::*;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
/// General-purpose registers.
pub enum NT_PRSTATUS {}
unsafe impl RegisterSet for NT_PRSTATUS {
const VALUE: RegisterSetValue = RegisterSetValue::NT_PRSTATUS;
type Regs = user_regs_struct;
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
/// Floating-point registers.
pub enum NT_PRFPREG {}
unsafe impl RegisterSet for NT_PRFPREG {
const VALUE: RegisterSetValue = RegisterSetValue::NT_PRFPREG;
#[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
type Regs = libc::user_fpregs_struct;
#[cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")]
type Regs = libc::user_fpsimd_struct;
#[cfg(target_arch = "riscv64")]
type Regs = libc::__riscv_mc_d_ext_state;
}
}
libc_bitflags! {
/// Ptrace options used in conjunction with the PTRACE_SETOPTIONS request.
/// See `man ptrace` for more details.
pub struct Options: libc::c_int {
/// When delivering system call traps set a bit to allow tracer to
/// distinguish between normal stops or syscall stops. May not work on
/// all systems.
PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD;
/// Stop tracee at next fork and start tracing the forked process.
PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK;
/// Stop tracee at next vfork call and trace the vforked process.
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK;
/// Stop tracee at next clone call and trace the cloned process.
PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE;
/// Stop tracee at next execve call.
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC;
/// Stop tracee at vfork completion.
PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE;
/// Stop tracee at next exit call. Stops before exit commences allowing
/// tracer to see location of exit and register states.
PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT;
/// Stop tracee when a SECCOMP_RET_TRACE rule is triggered. See `man seccomp` for more
/// details.
PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP;
/// Send a SIGKILL to the tracee if the tracer exits. This is useful
/// for ptrace jailers to prevent tracees from escaping their control.
PTRACE_O_EXITKILL;
}
}
fn ptrace_peek(
request: Request,
pid: Pid,
addr: AddressType,
data: *mut c_void,
) -> Result<c_long> {
let ret = unsafe {
Errno::clear();
libc::ptrace(request as RequestType, libc::pid_t::from(pid), addr, data)
};
match Errno::result(ret) {
Ok(..) | Err(Errno::UnknownErrno) => Ok(ret),
err @ Err(..) => err,
}
}
/// Get user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ...)`
///
/// Note that since `PTRACE_GETREGS` are not available on all platforms (as in [ptrace(2)]),
/// `ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_PRSTATUS, ...)` is used instead to achieve the same effect
/// on aarch64 and riscv64.
///
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
any(
all(
target_arch = "x86_64",
any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "musl")
),
all(target_arch = "x86", target_env = "gnu")
)
))]
pub fn getregs(pid: Pid) -> Result<user_regs_struct> {
ptrace_get_data::<user_regs_struct>(Request::PTRACE_GETREGS, pid)
}
/// Get user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, ...)`
///
/// Note that since `PTRACE_GETREGS` are not available on all platforms (as in [ptrace(2)]),
/// `ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, pid, NT_PRSTATUS, ...)` is used instead to achieve the same effect
/// on aarch64 and riscv64.
///
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "riscv64")
))]
pub fn getregs(pid: Pid) -> Result<user_regs_struct> {
getregset::<regset::NT_PRSTATUS>(pid)
}
/// Get a particular set of user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET, ...)`
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "aarch64",
target_arch = "riscv64",
)
))]
pub fn getregset<S: RegisterSet>(pid: Pid) -> Result<S::Regs> {
let request = Request::PTRACE_GETREGSET;
let mut data = mem::MaybeUninit::<S::Regs>::uninit();
let mut iov = libc::iovec {
iov_base: data.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
iov_len: mem::size_of::<S::Regs>(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
request,
pid,
S::VALUE as i32 as AddressType,
(&mut iov as *mut libc::iovec).cast(),
)?;
};
Ok(unsafe { data.assume_init() })
}
/// Set user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ...)`
///
/// Note that since `PTRACE_SETREGS` are not available on all platforms (as in [ptrace(2)]),
/// `ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_PRSTATUS, ...)` is used instead to achieve the same effect
/// on aarch64 and riscv64.
///
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
any(
all(
target_arch = "x86_64",
any(target_env = "gnu", target_env = "musl")
),
all(target_arch = "x86", target_env = "gnu")
)
))]
pub fn setregs(pid: Pid, regs: user_regs_struct) -> Result<()> {
let res = unsafe {
libc::ptrace(
Request::PTRACE_SETREGS as RequestType,
libc::pid_t::from(pid),
ptr::null_mut::<c_void>(),
®s as *const user_regs_struct as *const c_void,
)
};
Errno::result(res).map(drop)
}
/// Set user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, ...)`
///
/// Note that since `PTRACE_SETREGS` are not available on all platforms (as in [ptrace(2)]),
/// `ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, pid, NT_PRSTATUS, ...)` is used instead to achieve the same effect
/// on aarch64 and riscv64.
///
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "riscv64")
))]
pub fn setregs(pid: Pid, regs: user_regs_struct) -> Result<()> {
setregset::<regset::NT_PRSTATUS>(pid, regs)
}
/// Set a particular set of user registers, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGSET, ...)`
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(
target_arch = "x86_64",
target_arch = "x86",
target_arch = "aarch64",
target_arch = "riscv64",
)
))]
pub fn setregset<S: RegisterSet>(pid: Pid, mut regs: S::Regs) -> Result<()> {
let mut iov = libc::iovec {
iov_base: (&mut regs as *mut S::Regs).cast(),
iov_len: mem::size_of::<S::Regs>(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_SETREGSET,
pid,
S::VALUE as i32 as AddressType,
(&mut iov as *mut libc::iovec).cast(),
)?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Function for ptrace requests that return values from the data field.
/// Some ptrace get requests populate structs or larger elements than `c_long`
/// and therefore use the data field to return values. This function handles these
/// requests.
fn ptrace_get_data<T>(request: Request, pid: Pid) -> Result<T> {
let mut data = mem::MaybeUninit::<T>::uninit();
let res = unsafe {
libc::ptrace(
request as RequestType,
libc::pid_t::from(pid),
ptr::null_mut::<T>(),
data.as_mut_ptr(),
)
};
Errno::result(res)?;
Ok(unsafe { data.assume_init() })
}
unsafe fn ptrace_other(
request: Request,
pid: Pid,
addr: AddressType,
data: *mut c_void,
) -> Result<c_long> {
unsafe {
Errno::result(libc::ptrace(
request as RequestType,
libc::pid_t::from(pid),
addr,
data,
))
.map(|_| 0)
}
}
/// Set options, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, ...)`.
pub fn setoptions(pid: Pid, options: Options) -> Result<()> {
let res = unsafe {
libc::ptrace(
Request::PTRACE_SETOPTIONS as RequestType,
libc::pid_t::from(pid),
ptr::null_mut::<c_void>(),
options.bits() as *mut c_void,
)
};
Errno::result(res).map(drop)
}
/// Gets a ptrace event as described by `ptrace(PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, ...)`
pub fn getevent(pid: Pid) -> Result<c_long> {
ptrace_get_data::<c_long>(Request::PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG, pid)
}
/// Get siginfo as with `ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, ...)`
pub fn getsiginfo(pid: Pid) -> Result<siginfo_t> {
ptrace_get_data::<siginfo_t>(Request::PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid)
}
/// Set siginfo as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SETSIGINFO, ...)`
pub fn setsiginfo(pid: Pid, sig: &siginfo_t) -> Result<()> {
let ret = unsafe {
Errno::clear();
libc::ptrace(
Request::PTRACE_SETSIGINFO as RequestType,
libc::pid_t::from(pid),
ptr::null_mut::<c_void>(),
sig as *const _ as *const c_void,
)
};
match Errno::result(ret) {
Ok(_) => Ok(()),
Err(e) => Err(e),
}
}
/// Sets the process as traceable, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, ...)`
///
/// Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent.
/// This is the only ptrace request to be issued by the tracee.
pub fn traceme() -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_TRACEME,
Pid::from_raw(0),
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
)
.map(drop) // ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Continue execution until the next syscall, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)`
///
/// Arranges for the tracee to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call,
/// optionally delivering a signal specified by `sig`.
pub fn syscall<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, ptr::null_mut(), data)
.map(drop) // ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Continue execution until the next syscall, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU, ...)`
///
/// In contrast to the `syscall` function, the syscall stopped at will not be executed.
/// Thus the the tracee will only be stopped once per syscall,
/// optionally delivering a signal specified by `sig`.
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64")
))]
pub fn sysemu<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_SYSEMU, pid, ptr::null_mut(), data)
.map(drop)
// ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Attach to a running process, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, ...)`
///
/// Attaches to the process specified by `pid`, making it a tracee of the calling process.
pub fn attach(pid: Pid) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_ATTACH,
pid,
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
)
.map(drop) // ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Attach to a running process, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, ...)`
///
/// Attaches to the process specified in pid, making it a tracee of the calling process.
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
pub fn seize(pid: Pid, options: Options) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_SEIZE,
pid,
ptr::null_mut(),
options.bits() as *mut c_void,
)
.map(drop) // ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Detaches the current running process, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, ...)`
///
/// Detaches from the process specified by `pid` allowing it to run freely, optionally delivering a
/// signal specified by `sig`.
pub fn detach<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_DETACH, pid, ptr::null_mut(), data)
.map(drop)
}
}
/// Restart the stopped tracee process, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ...)`
///
/// Continues the execution of the process with PID `pid`, optionally
/// delivering a signal specified by `sig`.
pub fn cont<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_CONT, pid, ptr::null_mut(), data).map(drop)
// ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Stop a tracee, as with `ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, ...)`
///
/// This request is equivalent to `ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, ...)`
#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
pub fn interrupt(pid: Pid) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_INTERRUPT,
pid,
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
)
.map(drop)
}
}
/// Issues a kill request as with `ptrace(PTRACE_KILL, ...)`
///
/// This request is equivalent to `ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ..., SIGKILL);`
pub fn kill(pid: Pid) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_KILL,
pid,
ptr::null_mut(),
ptr::null_mut(),
)
.map(drop)
}
}
/// Move the stopped tracee process forward by a single step as with
/// `ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, ...)`
///
/// Advances the execution of the process with PID `pid` by a single step optionally delivering a
/// signal specified by `sig`.
///
/// # Example
/// ```rust
/// use nix::sys::ptrace::step;
/// use nix::unistd::Pid;
/// use nix::sys::signal::Signal;
/// use nix::sys::wait::*;
///
/// // If a process changes state to the stopped state because of a SIGUSR1
/// // signal, this will step the process forward and forward the user
/// // signal to the stopped process
/// match waitpid(Pid::from_raw(-1), None) {
/// Ok(WaitStatus::Stopped(pid, Signal::SIGUSR1)) => {
/// let _ = step(pid, Signal::SIGUSR1);
/// }
/// _ => {},
/// }
/// ```
pub fn step<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, pid, ptr::null_mut(), data)
.map(drop)
}
}
/// Move the stopped tracee process forward by a single step or stop at the next syscall
/// as with `ptrace(PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP, ...)`
///
/// Advances the execution by a single step or until the next syscall.
/// In case the tracee is stopped at a syscall, the syscall will not be executed.
/// Optionally, the signal specified by `sig` is delivered to the tracee upon continuation.
#[cfg(all(
target_os = "linux",
target_env = "gnu",
any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64")
))]
pub fn sysemu_step<T: Into<Option<Signal>>>(pid: Pid, sig: T) -> Result<()> {
let data = match sig.into() {
Some(s) => s as i32 as *mut c_void,
None => ptr::null_mut(),
};
unsafe {
ptrace_other(
Request::PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP,
pid,
ptr::null_mut(),
data,
)
.map(drop) // ignore the useless return value
}
}
/// Reads a word from a processes memory at the given address, as with
/// ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, ...)
pub fn read(pid: Pid, addr: AddressType) -> Result<c_long> {
ptrace_peek(Request::PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, ptr::null_mut())
}
/// Writes a word into the processes memory at the given address, as with
/// ptrace(PTRACE_POKEDATA, ...)
#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
pub fn write(pid: Pid, addr: AddressType, data: c_long) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
// Safety(not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref):
// `ptrace_other` is a common abstract
// but in `PTRACE_POKEDATA` situation, `data` is exactly what will be wtitten
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_POKEDATA, pid, addr, data as *mut c_void)
.map(drop)
}
}
/// Reads a word from a user area at `offset`, as with ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKUSER, ...).
/// The user struct definition can be found in `/usr/include/sys/user.h`.
pub fn read_user(pid: Pid, offset: AddressType) -> Result<c_long> {
ptrace_peek(Request::PTRACE_PEEKUSER, pid, offset, ptr::null_mut())
}
/// Writes a word to a user area at `offset`, as with ptrace(PTRACE_POKEUSER, ...).
/// The user struct definition can be found in `/usr/include/sys/user.h`.
#[allow(clippy::not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref)]
pub fn write_user(pid: Pid, offset: AddressType, data: c_long) -> Result<()> {
unsafe {
// Safety(not_unsafe_ptr_arg_deref):
// `ptrace_other` is a common abstract
// but in `PTRACE_POKEDATA` situation, `data` is exactly what will be wtitten
ptrace_other(Request::PTRACE_POKEUSER, pid, offset, data as *mut c_void)
.map(drop)
}
}