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import sys
import operator
def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
"""Create a base class with a metaclass."""
# This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a dummy
# metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces itself with
# the actual metaclass.
class metaclass(meta):
def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
return meta(name, bases, d)
return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
viewitems = operator.methodcaller("items")
else:
viewitems = operator.methodcaller("viewitems")