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/*
* Copyright (c) 2018 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
#include "modules/audio_processing/agc2/rnn_vad/spectral_features.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <numeric>
#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
#include "rtc_base/numerics/safe_compare.h"
namespace webrtc {
namespace rnn_vad {
namespace {
constexpr float kSilenceThreshold = 0.04f;
// Computes the new cepstral difference stats and pushes them into the passed
// symmetric matrix buffer.
void UpdateCepstralDifferenceStats(
rtc::ArrayView<const float, kNumBands> new_cepstral_coeffs,
const RingBuffer<float, kNumBands, kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize>& ring_buf,
SymmetricMatrixBuffer<float, kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize>* sym_matrix_buf) {
RTC_DCHECK(sym_matrix_buf);
// Compute the new cepstral distance stats.
std::array<float, kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize - 1> distances;
for (int i = 0; i < kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize - 1; ++i) {
const int delay = i + 1;
auto old_cepstral_coeffs = ring_buf.GetArrayView(delay);
distances[i] = 0.f;
for (int k = 0; k < kNumBands; ++k) {
const float c = new_cepstral_coeffs[k] - old_cepstral_coeffs[k];
distances[i] += c * c;
}
}
// Push the new spectral distance stats into the symmetric matrix buffer.
sym_matrix_buf->Push(distances);
}
// Computes the first half of the Vorbis window.
std::array<float, kFrameSize20ms24kHz / 2> ComputeScaledHalfVorbisWindow(
float scaling = 1.f) {
constexpr int kHalfSize = kFrameSize20ms24kHz / 2;
std::array<float, kHalfSize> half_window{};
for (int i = 0; i < kHalfSize; ++i) {
half_window[i] =
scaling *
std::sin(0.5 * kPi * std::sin(0.5 * kPi * (i + 0.5) / kHalfSize) *
std::sin(0.5 * kPi * (i + 0.5) / kHalfSize));
}
return half_window;
}
// Computes the forward FFT on a 20 ms frame to which a given window function is
// applied. The Fourier coefficient corresponding to the Nyquist frequency is
// set to zero (it is never used and this allows to simplify the code).
void ComputeWindowedForwardFft(
rtc::ArrayView<const float, kFrameSize20ms24kHz> frame,
const std::array<float, kFrameSize20ms24kHz / 2>& half_window,
Pffft::FloatBuffer* fft_input_buffer,
Pffft::FloatBuffer* fft_output_buffer,
Pffft* fft) {
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(frame.size(), 2 * half_window.size());
// Apply windowing.
auto in = fft_input_buffer->GetView();
for (int i = 0, j = kFrameSize20ms24kHz - 1;
rtc::SafeLt(i, half_window.size()); ++i, --j) {
in[i] = frame[i] * half_window[i];
in[j] = frame[j] * half_window[i];
}
fft->ForwardTransform(*fft_input_buffer, fft_output_buffer, /*ordered=*/true);
// Set the Nyquist frequency coefficient to zero.
auto out = fft_output_buffer->GetView();
out[1] = 0.f;
}
} // namespace
SpectralFeaturesExtractor::SpectralFeaturesExtractor()
: half_window_(ComputeScaledHalfVorbisWindow(
1.f / static_cast<float>(kFrameSize20ms24kHz))),
fft_(kFrameSize20ms24kHz, Pffft::FftType::kReal),
fft_buffer_(fft_.CreateBuffer()),
reference_frame_fft_(fft_.CreateBuffer()),
lagged_frame_fft_(fft_.CreateBuffer()),
dct_table_(ComputeDctTable()) {}
SpectralFeaturesExtractor::~SpectralFeaturesExtractor() = default;
void SpectralFeaturesExtractor::Reset() {
cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_.Reset();
cepstral_diffs_buf_.Reset();
}
bool SpectralFeaturesExtractor::CheckSilenceComputeFeatures(
rtc::ArrayView<const float, kFrameSize20ms24kHz> reference_frame,
rtc::ArrayView<const float, kFrameSize20ms24kHz> lagged_frame,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumBands - kNumLowerBands> higher_bands_cepstrum,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> average,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> first_derivative,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> second_derivative,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> bands_cross_corr,
float* variability) {
// Compute the Opus band energies for the reference frame.
ComputeWindowedForwardFft(reference_frame, half_window_, fft_buffer_.get(),
reference_frame_fft_.get(), &fft_);
spectral_correlator_.ComputeAutoCorrelation(
reference_frame_fft_->GetConstView(), reference_frame_bands_energy_);
// Check if the reference frame has silence.
const float tot_energy =
std::accumulate(reference_frame_bands_energy_.begin(),
reference_frame_bands_energy_.end(), 0.f);
if (tot_energy < kSilenceThreshold) {
return true;
}
// Compute the Opus band energies for the lagged frame.
ComputeWindowedForwardFft(lagged_frame, half_window_, fft_buffer_.get(),
lagged_frame_fft_.get(), &fft_);
spectral_correlator_.ComputeAutoCorrelation(lagged_frame_fft_->GetConstView(),
lagged_frame_bands_energy_);
// Log of the band energies for the reference frame.
std::array<float, kNumBands> log_bands_energy;
ComputeSmoothedLogMagnitudeSpectrum(reference_frame_bands_energy_,
log_bands_energy);
// Reference frame cepstrum.
std::array<float, kNumBands> cepstrum;
ComputeDct(log_bands_energy, dct_table_, cepstrum);
// Ad-hoc correction terms for the first two cepstral coefficients.
cepstrum[0] -= 12.f;
cepstrum[1] -= 4.f;
// Update the ring buffer and the cepstral difference stats.
cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_.Push(cepstrum);
UpdateCepstralDifferenceStats(cepstrum, cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_,
&cepstral_diffs_buf_);
// Write the higher bands cepstral coefficients.
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(cepstrum.size() - kNumLowerBands, higher_bands_cepstrum.size());
std::copy(cepstrum.begin() + kNumLowerBands, cepstrum.end(),
higher_bands_cepstrum.begin());
// Compute and write remaining features.
ComputeAvgAndDerivatives(average, first_derivative, second_derivative);
ComputeNormalizedCepstralCorrelation(bands_cross_corr);
RTC_DCHECK(variability);
*variability = ComputeVariability();
return false;
}
void SpectralFeaturesExtractor::ComputeAvgAndDerivatives(
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> average,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> first_derivative,
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> second_derivative) const {
auto curr = cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_.GetArrayView(0);
auto prev1 = cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_.GetArrayView(1);
auto prev2 = cepstral_coeffs_ring_buf_.GetArrayView(2);
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(average.size(), first_derivative.size());
RTC_DCHECK_EQ(first_derivative.size(), second_derivative.size());
RTC_DCHECK_LE(average.size(), curr.size());
for (int i = 0; rtc::SafeLt(i, average.size()); ++i) {
// Average, kernel: [1, 1, 1].
average[i] = curr[i] + prev1[i] + prev2[i];
// First derivative, kernel: [1, 0, - 1].
first_derivative[i] = curr[i] - prev2[i];
// Second derivative, Laplacian kernel: [1, -2, 1].
second_derivative[i] = curr[i] - 2 * prev1[i] + prev2[i];
}
}
void SpectralFeaturesExtractor::ComputeNormalizedCepstralCorrelation(
rtc::ArrayView<float, kNumLowerBands> bands_cross_corr) {
spectral_correlator_.ComputeCrossCorrelation(
reference_frame_fft_->GetConstView(), lagged_frame_fft_->GetConstView(),
bands_cross_corr_);
// Normalize.
for (int i = 0; rtc::SafeLt(i, bands_cross_corr_.size()); ++i) {
bands_cross_corr_[i] =
bands_cross_corr_[i] /
std::sqrt(0.001f + reference_frame_bands_energy_[i] *
lagged_frame_bands_energy_[i]);
}
// Cepstrum.
ComputeDct(bands_cross_corr_, dct_table_, bands_cross_corr);
// Ad-hoc correction terms for the first two cepstral coefficients.
bands_cross_corr[0] -= 1.3f;
bands_cross_corr[1] -= 0.9f;
}
float SpectralFeaturesExtractor::ComputeVariability() const {
// Compute cepstral variability score.
float variability = 0.f;
for (int delay1 = 0; delay1 < kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize; ++delay1) {
float min_dist = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
for (int delay2 = 0; delay2 < kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize; ++delay2) {
if (delay1 == delay2) // The distance would be 0.
continue;
min_dist =
std::min(min_dist, cepstral_diffs_buf_.GetValue(delay1, delay2));
}
variability += min_dist;
}
// Normalize (based on training set stats).
// TODO(bugs.webrtc.org/10480): Isolate normalization from feature extraction.
return variability / kCepstralCoeffsHistorySize - 2.1f;
}
} // namespace rnn_vad
} // namespace webrtc