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// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Windows Timer Primer
//
//
// The default windows timer, GetSystemTimeAsFileTime is not very precise.
// It is only good to ~15.5ms.
//
// QueryPerformanceCounter is the logical choice for a high-precision timer.
// However, it is known to be buggy on some hardware. Specifically, it can
// sometimes "jump". On laptops, QPC can also be very expensive to call.
// It's 3-4x slower than timeGetTime() on desktops, but can be 10x slower
// on laptops. A unittest exists which will show the relative cost of various
// timers on any system.
//
// The next logical choice is timeGetTime(). timeGetTime has a precision of
// 1ms, but only if you call APIs (timeBeginPeriod()) which affect all other
// applications on the system. By default, precision is only 15.5ms.
// Unfortunately, we don't want to call timeBeginPeriod because we don't
// want to affect other applications. Further, on mobile platforms, use of
// faster multimedia timers can hurt battery life. See the intel
// article about this here:
//
// To work around all this, we're going to generally use timeGetTime(). We
// will only increase the system-wide timer if we're not running on battery
// power.
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include <windows.foundation.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "base/atomicops.h"
#include "base/bit_cast.h"
#include "base/cpu.h"
#include "base/feature_list.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/synchronization/lock.h"
#include "base/threading/platform_thread.h"
#include "base/time/time_override.h"
#include "base/time/time_win_features.h"
namespace base {
namespace {
// From MSDN, FILETIME "Contains a 64-bit value representing the number of
// 100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC)."
int64_t FileTimeToMicroseconds(const FILETIME& ft) {
// Need to bit_cast to fix alignment, then divide by 10 to convert
// 100-nanoseconds to microseconds. This only works on little-endian
// machines.
return bit_cast<int64_t, FILETIME>(ft) / 10;
}
void MicrosecondsToFileTime(int64_t us, FILETIME* ft) {
DCHECK_GE(us, 0LL) << "Time is less than 0, negative values are not "
"representable in FILETIME";
// Multiply by 10 to convert microseconds to 100-nanoseconds. Bit_cast will
// handle alignment problems. This only works on little-endian machines.
*ft = bit_cast<FILETIME, int64_t>(us * 10);
}
int64_t CurrentWallclockMicroseconds() {
FILETIME ft;
::GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
return FileTimeToMicroseconds(ft);
}
// Time between resampling the un-granular clock for this API.
constexpr TimeDelta kMaxTimeToAvoidDrift = TimeDelta::FromSeconds(60);
int64_t g_initial_time = 0;
TimeTicks g_initial_ticks;
void InitializeClock() {
g_initial_ticks = subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride();
g_initial_time = CurrentWallclockMicroseconds();
}
// Interval to use when on DC power.
UINT g_battery_power_interval_ms = 4;
// Track the last value passed to timeBeginPeriod so that we can cancel that
// call by calling timeEndPeriod with the same value. A value of zero means that
// the timer frequency is not currently raised.
UINT g_last_interval_requested_ms = 0;
// Track if MinTimerIntervalHighResMs() or MinTimerIntervalLowResMs() is active.
// For most purposes this could also be named g_is_on_ac_power.
bool g_high_res_timer_enabled = false;
// How many times the high resolution timer has been called.
uint32_t g_high_res_timer_count = 0;
// Start time of the high resolution timer usage monitoring. This is needed
// to calculate the usage as percentage of the total elapsed time.
TimeTicks g_high_res_timer_usage_start;
// The cumulative time the high resolution timer has been in use since
// |g_high_res_timer_usage_start| moment.
TimeDelta g_high_res_timer_usage;
// Timestamp of the last activation change of the high resolution timer. This
// is used to calculate the cumulative usage.
TimeTicks g_high_res_timer_last_activation;
// The lock to control access to the above set of variables.
Lock* GetHighResLock() {
static auto* lock = new Lock();
return lock;
}
// The two values that ActivateHighResolutionTimer uses to set the systemwide
// timer interrupt frequency on Windows. These control how precise timers are
// but also have a big impact on battery life.
// Used when a faster timer has been requested (g_high_res_timer_count > 0) and
// the computer is running on AC power (plugged in) so that it's okay to go to
// the highest frequency.
UINT MinTimerIntervalHighResMs() {
return 1;
}
// Used when a faster timer has been requested (g_high_res_timer_count > 0) and
// the computer is running on DC power (battery) so that we don't want to raise
// the timer frequency as much.
UINT MinTimerIntervalLowResMs() {
return g_battery_power_interval_ms;
}
// Calculate the desired timer interrupt interval. Note that zero means that the
// system default should be used.
UINT GetIntervalMs() {
if (!g_high_res_timer_count)
return 0; // Use the default, typically 15.625
if (g_high_res_timer_enabled)
return MinTimerIntervalHighResMs();
return MinTimerIntervalLowResMs();
}
// Compare the currently requested timer interrupt interval to the last interval
// requested and update if necessary (by cancelling the old request and making a
// new request). If there is no change then do nothing.
void UpdateTimerIntervalLocked() {
UINT new_interval = GetIntervalMs();
if (new_interval == g_last_interval_requested_ms)
return;
if (g_last_interval_requested_ms) {
// Record how long the timer interrupt frequency was raised.
g_high_res_timer_usage += subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride() -
g_high_res_timer_last_activation;
// Reset the timer interrupt back to the default.
timeEndPeriod(g_last_interval_requested_ms);
}
g_last_interval_requested_ms = new_interval;
if (g_last_interval_requested_ms) {
// Record when the timer interrupt was raised.
g_high_res_timer_last_activation = subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride();
timeBeginPeriod(g_last_interval_requested_ms);
}
}
// Returns the current value of the performance counter.
uint64_t QPCNowRaw() {
LARGE_INTEGER perf_counter_now = {};
// According to the MSDN documentation for QueryPerformanceCounter(), this
// will never fail on systems that run XP or later.
::QueryPerformanceCounter(&perf_counter_now);
return perf_counter_now.QuadPart;
}
bool SafeConvertToWord(int in, WORD* out) {
CheckedNumeric<WORD> result = in;
*out = result.ValueOrDefault(std::numeric_limits<WORD>::max());
return result.IsValid();
}
} // namespace
// Time -----------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace subtle {
Time TimeNowIgnoringOverride() {
if (g_initial_time == 0)
InitializeClock();
// We implement time using the high-resolution timers so that we can get
// timeouts which are smaller than 10-15ms. If we just used
// CurrentWallclockMicroseconds(), we'd have the less-granular timer.
//
// To make this work, we initialize the clock (g_initial_time) and the
// counter (initial_ctr). To compute the initial time, we can check
// the number of ticks that have elapsed, and compute the delta.
//
// To avoid any drift, we periodically resync the counters to the system
// clock.
while (true) {
TimeTicks ticks = TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride();
// Calculate the time elapsed since we started our timer
TimeDelta elapsed = ticks - g_initial_ticks;
// Check if enough time has elapsed that we need to resync the clock.
if (elapsed > kMaxTimeToAvoidDrift) {
InitializeClock();
continue;
}
return Time() + elapsed + TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(g_initial_time);
}
}
Time TimeNowFromSystemTimeIgnoringOverride() {
// Force resync.
InitializeClock();
return Time() + TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(g_initial_time);
}
} // namespace subtle
// static
Time Time::FromFileTime(FILETIME ft) {
if (bit_cast<int64_t, FILETIME>(ft) == 0)
return Time();
if (ft.dwHighDateTime == std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max() &&
ft.dwLowDateTime == std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max())
return Max();
return Time(FileTimeToMicroseconds(ft));
}
FILETIME Time::ToFileTime() const {
if (is_null())
return bit_cast<FILETIME, int64_t>(0);
if (is_max()) {
FILETIME result;
result.dwHighDateTime = std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max();
result.dwLowDateTime = std::numeric_limits<DWORD>::max();
return result;
}
FILETIME utc_ft;
MicrosecondsToFileTime(us_, &utc_ft);
return utc_ft;
}
void Time::ReadMinTimerIntervalLowResMs() {
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
// Read the setting for what interval to use on battery power.
g_battery_power_interval_ms =
base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(base::kSlowDCTimerInterruptsWin) ? 8 : 4;
UpdateTimerIntervalLocked();
}
// static
// Enable raising of the system-global timer interrupt frequency to 1 kHz (when
// enable is true, which happens when on AC power) or some lower frequency when
// on battery power (when enable is false). If the g_high_res_timer_enabled
// setting hasn't actually changed or if if there are no outstanding requests
// (if g_high_res_timer_count is zero) then do nothing.
// TL;DR - call this when going from AC to DC power or vice-versa.
void Time::EnableHighResolutionTimer(bool enable) {
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
g_high_res_timer_enabled = enable;
UpdateTimerIntervalLocked();
}
// static
// Request that the system-global Windows timer interrupt frequency be raised.
// How high the frequency is raised depends on the system's power state and
// possibly other options.
// TL;DR - call this at the beginning and end of a time period where you want
// higher frequency timer interrupts. Each call with activating=true must be
// paired with a subsequent activating=false call.
bool Time::ActivateHighResolutionTimer(bool activating) {
// We only do work on the transition from zero to one or one to zero so we
// can easily undo the effect (if necessary) when EnableHighResolutionTimer is
// called.
const uint32_t max = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
if (activating) {
DCHECK_NE(g_high_res_timer_count, max);
++g_high_res_timer_count;
} else {
DCHECK_NE(g_high_res_timer_count, 0u);
--g_high_res_timer_count;
}
UpdateTimerIntervalLocked();
return true;
}
// static
// See if the timer interrupt interval has been set to the lowest value.
bool Time::IsHighResolutionTimerInUse() {
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
return g_last_interval_requested_ms == MinTimerIntervalHighResMs();
}
// static
void Time::ResetHighResolutionTimerUsage() {
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
g_high_res_timer_usage = TimeDelta();
g_high_res_timer_usage_start = subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride();
if (g_high_res_timer_count > 0)
g_high_res_timer_last_activation = g_high_res_timer_usage_start;
}
// static
double Time::GetHighResolutionTimerUsage() {
AutoLock lock(*GetHighResLock());
TimeTicks now = subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride();
TimeDelta elapsed_time = now - g_high_res_timer_usage_start;
if (elapsed_time.is_zero()) {
// This is unexpected but possible if TimeTicks resolution is low and
// GetHighResolutionTimerUsage() is called promptly after
// ResetHighResolutionTimerUsage().
return 0.0;
}
TimeDelta used_time = g_high_res_timer_usage;
if (g_high_res_timer_count > 0) {
// If currently activated add the remainder of time since the last
// activation.
used_time += now - g_high_res_timer_last_activation;
}
return used_time.InMillisecondsF() / elapsed_time.InMillisecondsF() * 100;
}
// static
bool Time::FromExploded(bool is_local, const Exploded& exploded, Time* time) {
// Create the system struct representing our exploded time. It will either be
// in local time or UTC.If casting from int to WORD results in overflow,
// fail and return Time(0).
SYSTEMTIME st;
if (!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.year, &st.wYear) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.month, &st.wMonth) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.day_of_week, &st.wDayOfWeek) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.day_of_month, &st.wDay) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.hour, &st.wHour) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.minute, &st.wMinute) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.second, &st.wSecond) ||
!SafeConvertToWord(exploded.millisecond, &st.wMilliseconds)) {
*time = Time(0);
return false;
}
FILETIME ft;
bool success = true;
// Ensure that it's in UTC.
if (is_local) {
SYSTEMTIME utc_st;
success = TzSpecificLocalTimeToSystemTime(nullptr, &st, &utc_st) &&
SystemTimeToFileTime(&utc_st, &ft);
} else {
success = !!SystemTimeToFileTime(&st, &ft);
}
if (!success) {
*time = Time(0);
return false;
}
*time = Time(FileTimeToMicroseconds(ft));
return true;
}
void Time::Explode(bool is_local, Exploded* exploded) const {
if (us_ < 0LL) {
// We are not able to convert it to FILETIME.
ZeroMemory(exploded, sizeof(*exploded));
return;
}
// FILETIME in UTC.
FILETIME utc_ft;
MicrosecondsToFileTime(us_, &utc_ft);
// FILETIME in local time if necessary.
bool success = true;
// FILETIME in SYSTEMTIME (exploded).
SYSTEMTIME st = {0};
if (is_local) {
SYSTEMTIME utc_st;
// We don't use FileTimeToLocalFileTime here, since it uses the current
// settings for the time zone and daylight saving time. Therefore, if it is
// daylight saving time, it will take daylight saving time into account,
// even if the time you are converting is in standard time.
success = FileTimeToSystemTime(&utc_ft, &utc_st) &&
SystemTimeToTzSpecificLocalTime(nullptr, &utc_st, &st);
} else {
success = !!FileTimeToSystemTime(&utc_ft, &st);
}
if (!success) {
NOTREACHED() << "Unable to convert time, don't know why";
ZeroMemory(exploded, sizeof(*exploded));
return;
}
exploded->year = st.wYear;
exploded->month = st.wMonth;
exploded->day_of_week = st.wDayOfWeek;
exploded->day_of_month = st.wDay;
exploded->hour = st.wHour;
exploded->minute = st.wMinute;
exploded->second = st.wSecond;
exploded->millisecond = st.wMilliseconds;
}
// TimeTicks ------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace {
// We define a wrapper to adapt between the __stdcall and __cdecl call of the
// mock function, and to avoid a static constructor. Assigning an import to a
// function pointer directly would require setup code to fetch from the IAT.
DWORD timeGetTimeWrapper() {
return timeGetTime();
}
DWORD (*g_tick_function)(void) = &timeGetTimeWrapper;
// A structure holding the most significant bits of "last seen" and a
// "rollover" counter.
union LastTimeAndRolloversState {
// The state as a single 32-bit opaque value.
subtle::Atomic32 as_opaque_32;
// The state as usable values.
struct {
// The top 8-bits of the "last" time. This is enough to check for rollovers
// and the small bit-size means fewer CompareAndSwap operations to store
// changes in state, which in turn makes for fewer retries.
uint8_t last_8;
// A count of the number of detected rollovers. Using this as bits 47-32
// of the upper half of a 64-bit value results in a 48-bit tick counter.
// This extends the total rollover period from about 49 days to about 8800
// years while still allowing it to be stored with last_8 in a single
// 32-bit value.
uint16_t rollovers;
} as_values;
};
subtle::Atomic32 g_last_time_and_rollovers = 0;
static_assert(
sizeof(LastTimeAndRolloversState) <= sizeof(g_last_time_and_rollovers),
"LastTimeAndRolloversState does not fit in a single atomic word");
// We use timeGetTime() to implement TimeTicks::Now(). This can be problematic
// because it returns the number of milliseconds since Windows has started,
// which will roll over the 32-bit value every ~49 days. We try to track
// rollover ourselves, which works if TimeTicks::Now() is called at least every
// 48.8 days (not 49 days because only changes in the top 8 bits get noticed).
TimeTicks RolloverProtectedNow() {
LastTimeAndRolloversState state;
DWORD now; // DWORD is always unsigned 32 bits.
while (true) {
// Fetch the "now" and "last" tick values, updating "last" with "now" and
// incrementing the "rollovers" counter if the tick-value has wrapped back
// around. Atomic operations ensure that both "last" and "rollovers" are
// always updated together.
int32_t original = subtle::Acquire_Load(&g_last_time_and_rollovers);
state.as_opaque_32 = original;
now = g_tick_function();
uint8_t now_8 = static_cast<uint8_t>(now >> 24);
if (now_8 < state.as_values.last_8)
++state.as_values.rollovers;
state.as_values.last_8 = now_8;
// If the state hasn't changed, exit the loop.
if (state.as_opaque_32 == original)
break;
// Save the changed state. If the existing value is unchanged from the
// original, exit the loop.
int32_t check = subtle::Release_CompareAndSwap(
&g_last_time_and_rollovers, original, state.as_opaque_32);
if (check == original)
break;
// Another thread has done something in between so retry from the top.
}
return TimeTicks() +
TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(
now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(state.as_values.rollovers) << 32));
}
// Discussion of tick counter options on Windows:
//
// (1) CPU cycle counter. (Retrieved via RDTSC)
// The CPU counter provides the highest resolution time stamp and is the least
// expensive to retrieve. However, on older CPUs, two issues can affect its
// reliability: First it is maintained per processor and not synchronized
// between processors. Also, the counters will change frequency due to thermal
// and power changes, and stop in some states.
//
// (2) QueryPerformanceCounter (QPC). The QPC counter provides a high-
// resolution (<1 microsecond) time stamp. On most hardware running today, it
// auto-detects and uses the constant-rate RDTSC counter to provide extremely
// efficient and reliable time stamps.
//
// On older CPUs where RDTSC is unreliable, it falls back to using more
// expensive (20X to 40X more costly) alternate clocks, such as HPET or the ACPI
// PM timer, and can involve system calls; and all this is up to the HAL (with
// some help from ACPI). According to
// worst case, it gets the counter from the rollover interrupt on the
// programmable interrupt timer. In best cases, the HAL may conclude that the
// RDTSC counter runs at a constant frequency, then it uses that instead. On
// multiprocessor machines, it will try to verify the values returned from
// RDTSC on each processor are consistent with each other, and apply a handful
// of workarounds for known buggy hardware. In other words, QPC is supposed to
// give consistent results on a multiprocessor computer, but for older CPUs it
// can be unreliable due bugs in BIOS or HAL.
//
// (3) System time. The system time provides a low-resolution (from ~1 to ~15.6
// milliseconds) time stamp but is comparatively less expensive to retrieve and
// more reliable. Time::EnableHighResolutionTimer() and
// Time::ActivateHighResolutionTimer() can be called to alter the resolution of
// this timer; and also other Windows applications can alter it, affecting this
// one.
TimeTicks InitialNowFunction();
// See "threading notes" in InitializeNowFunctionPointer() for details on how
// concurrent reads/writes to these globals has been made safe.
TimeTicksNowFunction g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function =
&InitialNowFunction;
int64_t g_qpc_ticks_per_second = 0;
// As of January 2015, use of <atomic> is forbidden in Chromium code. This is
// what std::atomic_thread_fence does on Windows on all Intel architectures when
// the memory_order argument is anything but std::memory_order_seq_cst:
#define ATOMIC_THREAD_FENCE(memory_order) _ReadWriteBarrier();
TimeDelta QPCValueToTimeDelta(LONGLONG qpc_value) {
// Ensure that the assignment to |g_qpc_ticks_per_second|, made in
// InitializeNowFunctionPointer(), has happened by this point.
ATOMIC_THREAD_FENCE(memory_order_acquire);
DCHECK_GT(g_qpc_ticks_per_second, 0);
// If the QPC Value is below the overflow threshold, we proceed with
// simple multiply and divide.
if (qpc_value < Time::kQPCOverflowThreshold) {
return TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(
qpc_value * Time::kMicrosecondsPerSecond / g_qpc_ticks_per_second);
}
// Otherwise, calculate microseconds in a round about manner to avoid
// overflow and precision issues.
int64_t whole_seconds = qpc_value / g_qpc_ticks_per_second;
int64_t leftover_ticks = qpc_value - (whole_seconds * g_qpc_ticks_per_second);
return TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(
(whole_seconds * Time::kMicrosecondsPerSecond) +
((leftover_ticks * Time::kMicrosecondsPerSecond) /
g_qpc_ticks_per_second));
}
TimeTicks QPCNow() {
return TimeTicks() + QPCValueToTimeDelta(QPCNowRaw());
}
void InitializeNowFunctionPointer() {
LARGE_INTEGER ticks_per_sec = {};
if (!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&ticks_per_sec))
ticks_per_sec.QuadPart = 0;
// If Windows cannot provide a QPC implementation, TimeTicks::Now() must use
// the low-resolution clock.
//
// If the QPC implementation is expensive and/or unreliable, TimeTicks::Now()
// will still use the low-resolution clock. A CPU lacking a non-stop time
// counter will cause Windows to provide an alternate QPC implementation that
// works, but is expensive to use.
//
// Otherwise, Now uses the high-resolution QPC clock. As of 21 August 2015,
// ~72% of users fall within this category.
TimeTicksNowFunction now_function;
CPU cpu;
if (ticks_per_sec.QuadPart <= 0 || !cpu.has_non_stop_time_stamp_counter()) {
now_function = &RolloverProtectedNow;
} else {
now_function = &QPCNow;
}
// Threading note 1: In an unlikely race condition, it's possible for two or
// more threads to enter InitializeNowFunctionPointer() in parallel. This is
// not a problem since all threads should end up writing out the same values
// to the global variables.
//
// Threading note 2: A release fence is placed here to ensure, from the
// perspective of other threads using the function pointers, that the
// assignment to |g_qpc_ticks_per_second| happens before the function pointers
// are changed.
g_qpc_ticks_per_second = ticks_per_sec.QuadPart;
ATOMIC_THREAD_FENCE(memory_order_release);
// Also set g_time_ticks_now_function to avoid the additional indirection via
// TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride() for future calls to TimeTicks::Now(). But
// g_time_ticks_now_function may have already be overridden.
if (internal::g_time_ticks_now_function ==
&subtle::TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride) {
internal::g_time_ticks_now_function = now_function;
}
g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function = now_function;
}
TimeTicks InitialNowFunction() {
InitializeNowFunctionPointer();
return g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function();
}
} // namespace
// static
TimeTicks::TickFunctionType TimeTicks::SetMockTickFunction(
TickFunctionType ticker) {
TickFunctionType old = g_tick_function;
g_tick_function = ticker;
subtle::NoBarrier_Store(&g_last_time_and_rollovers, 0);
return old;
}
namespace subtle {
TimeTicks TimeTicksNowIgnoringOverride() {
return g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function();
}
} // namespace subtle
// static
bool TimeTicks::IsHighResolution() {
if (g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function == &InitialNowFunction)
InitializeNowFunctionPointer();
return g_time_ticks_now_ignoring_override_function == &QPCNow;
}
// static
bool TimeTicks::IsConsistentAcrossProcesses() {
// According to Windows documentation [1] QPC is consistent post-Windows
// Vista. So if we are using QPC then we are consistent which is the same as
// being high resolution.
//
//
// "In general, the performance counter results are consistent across all
// processors in multi-core and multi-processor systems, even when measured on
// different threads or processes. Here are some exceptions to this rule:
// - Pre-Windows Vista operating systems that run on certain processors might
// violate this consistency because of one of these reasons:
// 1. The hardware processors have a non-invariant TSC and the BIOS
// doesn't indicate this condition correctly.
// 2. The TSC synchronization algorithm that was used wasn't suitable for
// systems with large numbers of processors."
return IsHighResolution();
}
// static
TimeTicks::Clock TimeTicks::GetClock() {
return IsHighResolution() ?
Clock::WIN_QPC : Clock::WIN_ROLLOVER_PROTECTED_TIME_GET_TIME;
}
// ThreadTicks ----------------------------------------------------------------
namespace subtle {
ThreadTicks ThreadTicksNowIgnoringOverride() {
return ThreadTicks::GetForThread(PlatformThread::CurrentHandle());
}
} // namespace subtle
// static
ThreadTicks ThreadTicks::GetForThread(
const PlatformThreadHandle& thread_handle) {
DCHECK(IsSupported());
#if defined(ARCH_CPU_ARM64)
// QueryThreadCycleTime versus TSCTicksPerSecond doesn't have much relation to
// actual elapsed time on Windows on Arm, because QueryThreadCycleTime is
// backed by the actual number of CPU cycles executed, rather than a
// constant-rate timer like Intel. To work around this, use GetThreadTimes
// (which isn't as accurate but is meaningful as a measure of elapsed
// per-thread time).
FILETIME creation_time, exit_time, kernel_time, user_time;
::GetThreadTimes(thread_handle.platform_handle(), &creation_time, &exit_time,
&kernel_time, &user_time);
int64_t us = FileTimeToMicroseconds(user_time);
return ThreadTicks(us);
#else
// Get the number of TSC ticks used by the current thread.
ULONG64 thread_cycle_time = 0;
::QueryThreadCycleTime(thread_handle.platform_handle(), &thread_cycle_time);
// Get the frequency of the TSC.
double tsc_ticks_per_second = TSCTicksPerSecond();
if (tsc_ticks_per_second == 0)
return ThreadTicks();
// Return the CPU time of the current thread.
double thread_time_seconds = thread_cycle_time / tsc_ticks_per_second;
return ThreadTicks(
static_cast<int64_t>(thread_time_seconds * Time::kMicrosecondsPerSecond));
#endif
}
// static
bool ThreadTicks::IsSupportedWin() {
static bool is_supported = CPU().has_non_stop_time_stamp_counter();
return is_supported;
}
// static
void ThreadTicks::WaitUntilInitializedWin() {
#if !defined(ARCH_CPU_ARM64)
while (TSCTicksPerSecond() == 0)
::Sleep(10);
#endif
}
#if !defined(ARCH_CPU_ARM64)
double ThreadTicks::TSCTicksPerSecond() {
DCHECK(IsSupported());
// The value returned by QueryPerformanceFrequency() cannot be used as the TSC
// frequency, because there is no guarantee that the TSC frequency is equal to
// the performance counter frequency.
// The TSC frequency is cached in a static variable because it takes some time
// to compute it.
static double tsc_ticks_per_second = 0;
if (tsc_ticks_per_second != 0)
return tsc_ticks_per_second;
// Increase the thread priority to reduces the chances of having a context
// switch during a reading of the TSC and the performance counter.
int previous_priority = ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread());
::SetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST);
// The first time that this function is called, make an initial reading of the
// TSC and the performance counter.
static const uint64_t tsc_initial = __rdtsc();
static const uint64_t perf_counter_initial = QPCNowRaw();
// Make a another reading of the TSC and the performance counter every time
// that this function is called.
uint64_t tsc_now = __rdtsc();
uint64_t perf_counter_now = QPCNowRaw();
// Reset the thread priority.
::SetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread(), previous_priority);
// Make sure that at least 50 ms elapsed between the 2 readings. The first
// time that this function is called, we don't expect this to be the case.
// Note: The longer the elapsed time between the 2 readings is, the more
// accurate the computed TSC frequency will be. The 50 ms value was
// chosen because local benchmarks show that it allows us to get a
// stddev of less than 1 tick/us between multiple runs.
// Note: According to the MSDN documentation for QueryPerformanceFrequency(),
// this will never fail on systems that run XP or later.
LARGE_INTEGER perf_counter_frequency = {};
::QueryPerformanceFrequency(&perf_counter_frequency);
DCHECK_GE(perf_counter_now, perf_counter_initial);
uint64_t perf_counter_ticks = perf_counter_now - perf_counter_initial;
double elapsed_time_seconds =
perf_counter_ticks / static_cast<double>(perf_counter_frequency.QuadPart);
static constexpr double kMinimumEvaluationPeriodSeconds = 0.05;
if (elapsed_time_seconds < kMinimumEvaluationPeriodSeconds)
return 0;
// Compute the frequency of the TSC.
DCHECK_GE(tsc_now, tsc_initial);
uint64_t tsc_ticks = tsc_now - tsc_initial;
tsc_ticks_per_second = tsc_ticks / elapsed_time_seconds;
return tsc_ticks_per_second;
}
#endif // defined(ARCH_CPU_ARM64)
// static
TimeTicks TimeTicks::FromQPCValue(LONGLONG qpc_value) {
return TimeTicks() + QPCValueToTimeDelta(qpc_value);
}
// TimeDelta ------------------------------------------------------------------
// static
TimeDelta TimeDelta::FromQPCValue(LONGLONG qpc_value) {
return QPCValueToTimeDelta(qpc_value);
}
// static
TimeDelta TimeDelta::FromFileTime(FILETIME ft) {
return TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(FileTimeToMicroseconds(ft));
}
// static
TimeDelta TimeDelta::FromWinrtDateTime(ABI::Windows::Foundation::DateTime dt) {
// UniversalTime is 100 ns intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC)
return TimeDelta::FromMicroseconds(dt.UniversalTime / 10);
}
ABI::Windows::Foundation::DateTime TimeDelta::ToWinrtDateTime() const {
ABI::Windows::Foundation::DateTime date_time;
date_time.UniversalTime = InMicroseconds() * 10;
return date_time;
}
} // namespace base